{"id":23,"date":"2026-06-14T18:27:15","date_gmt":"2026-06-14T16:27:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theengineeringreview.com\/vi\/2026\/06\/14\/o-nhiem-nhua-de-doa-nong-nghiep-va-nuoi-trong-thuy-san\/"},"modified":"2026-06-14T18:28:03","modified_gmt":"2026-06-14T16:28:03","slug":"o-nhiem-nhua-de-doa-nong-nghiep-va-nuoi-trong-thuy-san","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/theengineeringreview.com\/vi\/2026\/06\/14\/o-nhiem-nhua-de-doa-nong-nghiep-va-nuoi-trong-thuy-san\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ef1a \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u00d4“`html<\/p>\n

\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ef1a \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n<\/h1>\n

M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, h\u01a1n 25 tri\u1ec7u h\u00e9cta \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a, th\u1ea3i ra g\u1ea7n 7 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a, nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf sinh ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a, \u0111\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh 2.176 h\u1ea1t tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i kil\u00f4gam \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 10.000 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i n\u00e0y t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1t ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c \u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau, theo th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng canh t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ef1a l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ef1a trung b\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh vi nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 nano nh\u1ef1a, kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u00e1c chu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y vi nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m sinh kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7m l\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn 26%.<\/p>\n

H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1ef1a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 mi\u1ebfng b\u1ecdt bi\u1ec3n h\u00fat ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. N\u1ea5m mycorrhiza, thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi khu\u1ea9n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1m. Giun \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t khi c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 vi nh\u1ef1a cao, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ngh\u00e8o \u0111i s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Th\u1ee7y canh, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nu\u00f4i c\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5t, minh h\u1ecda cho c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y: ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 bao b\u00ec nh\u1ef1a. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb t\u1ea3o, \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1ef1a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Nh\u1ef1a, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 thu gom, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ee1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi m\u00f4. Chi ph\u00ed cao trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1t r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i, l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i n\u00e0y. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 tinh, n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn thu gom ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, nh\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu gom, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan trong ng\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7y canh, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ef1a s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

“`<\/p>\n

\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences des contenus<\/h2>\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rence officielle<\/h3>\n

DOI\u00a0:<\/strong> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44274-026-00819-9<\/a><\/p>\n

Titre\u00a0:<\/strong> A synthesis of developments, challenges and prospective innovations in plastic waste management in agriculture and aquaculture systems<\/p>\n

Revue : <\/strong> Discover Environment<\/p>\n

\u00c9diteur : <\/strong> Springer Science and Business Media LLC<\/p>\n

Auteurs : <\/strong> Chifundo Brian Manyamba; Rudoviko Galileya Medison; Francina Phiri; Milca Banda Medison<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

“`html \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ef1a \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, h\u01a1n 25 tri\u1ec7u h\u00e9cta \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi m\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a, th\u1ea3i ra g\u1ea7n 7 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi nh\u1ef1a, nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf sinh ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a, \u0111\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh… Continue reading \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ef1a \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-moi-truong","category-suc-khoe","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theengineeringreview.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theengineeringreview.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theengineeringreview.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theengineeringreview.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theengineeringreview.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/theengineeringreview.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24,"href":"https:\/\/theengineeringreview.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23\/revisions\/24"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theengineeringreview.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theengineeringreview.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theengineeringreview.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}